Benefits of Lactobacillus Reuteri - Dosage And Side Effects
Lactobacillus reuteri is a probiotic supplement used for promoting gut health. It's a natural remedy supported by scientific research. This beneficial bacteria comes in various forms, making it accessible for improving overall well-being. In this blog post, we'll explore the benefits of lactobacillus reuteri, how it works, dosage, and potential side effects so you know what to expect if you decide to include it in your routine.
Before exploring further, please read the disclaimer located at the end of this webpage.
What Is Lactobacillus Reuteri?
Before diving into the benefits of Lactobacillus Reuteri, it’s important to explore what it is and its compounds that bring lots of potential positive effects.
Lactobacillus reuteri is a type of beneficial bacteria that naturally resides in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It was first isolated in 1980 and has since been studied extensively for its potential health benefits. This probiotic strain is known for its ability to support gut health and has been shown to have numerous other benefits as well.
Lactobacillus reuteri was first discovered by German microbiologist Gerhard Reuter in the 1960s. However, it wasn't until 1980 that Kandler et al. isolated the strain and named it after Gerhard Reuter. Since then, it has been extensively studied and has gained popularity as a probiotic supplement.
Lactobacillus Reuteri Compounds
Lactobacillus reuteri produces a variety of compounds that have been linked to improved digestive health, immune function, and even mental well-being.
One of the key compounds produced by Lactobacillus reuteri is reuterin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that can help fight off harmful bacteria and promote a healthy balance of microorganisms in the gut [3]. Reuterin has been shown to be effective against a variety of pathogens, including those responsible for foodborne illnesses such as Salmonella and E.coli.
Another important compound produced by Lactobacillus reuteri is histamine, which has been linked to immune system regulation and anti-inflammatory effects [1]. While high levels of histamine can contribute to allergic reactions, low levels have been associated with improved gut health and reduced risk of diseases such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease.
In addition to these compounds, Lactobacillus reuteri also produces vitamin B12 [2], an essential nutrient that is necessary for proper nervous system function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell production. This may be particularly beneficial for individuals who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, as vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products.
Overall, the compounds produced by Lactobacillus reuteri contribute to its reputation as a powerful probiotic strain with numerous potential health benefits.
Benefits of Lactobacillus Reuteri
Benefits of Lactobacillus Reuteri for Women's Health
Lactobacillus Reuteri is a type of probiotic bacteria that has been gaining popularity in recent years for its potential health benefits. While traditionally known for improving digestive health, research has shown that this particular strain of bacteria can also benefit women's health in multiple ways. That’s why we put this section about the benefits of Lactobacillus Reuteri for women’s health first.
Lactobacillus Reuteri is well-known for its benefits to women's health, particularly vaginal health. A study on the effects of Lactobacillus Reuteri CRL1324 on vaginal colonization by Group B Streptococcus in mice observed that both doses of L. reuteri (7 doses and four doses) reduced the presence of white blood cells caused by Group B Streptococcus. However, the seven doses of lactobacilli were found to significantly reduce the number of viable Group B Streptococcus cells [24].
In a comprehensive study on Vaginal Microbiota and the Use of Probiotics, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 64 healthy women using L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 was mentioned. The trial reported positive outcomes regarding vaginal microbiota in the probiotic group, which outperformed the placebo group after 28 and 60 days [26].
Furthermore, L. reuteri also plays a role in reducing bone loss in older women. A study conducted on mice observed that markers and bone-resorbing activity, as well as bone formation processes, were significantly reduced in mice treated with L. reuteri [25].
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to injury or infection. However, chronic inflammation can lead to various health issues, including autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular problems. Studies have shown that Lactobacillus reuteri may help reduce gut inflammation by producing compounds such as histamine [1], which has anti-inflammatory properties.
A study on the anti-inflammatory effects and benefits of Lactobacillus reuteri in mouse pups observed significant improvements in overall intestinal tissue histology. Furthermore, the study noted that different strains had varying effects on cytokines and chemokines, and L. reuteri showed no harmful effects on intestinal cells or mucosa [4].
Lactobacillus Reuteri May Help With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
In a study titled "The potential therapeutic role of Lactobacillus reuteri for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease", it was found that L. reuteri alleviates gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea, by restoring the gut microbiota and regulating intestinal immune function [5].
Specifically, L. reuteri promotes intestinal health and reduces inflammation through several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms involves the production of metabolites like organic acids and hydrogen peroxide, which inhibit harmful bacteria and prevent diarrhea.
Other mechanisms mentioned include the metabolism of glycerol to produce reuterin and 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. Even low doses of reuterin have inhibitory effects on various pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans [5].
Another mechanism explored is through the effects on the Histamine H2 receptor. Research [6] reports that Lactobacillus reuteri prevents colitis in a mouse model induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) by converting histidine and histamine, leading to the inhibition of colitis.
Moreover, a study by S. Oliva and colleagues on 31 pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis found that IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-8 significantly decreased in the group using L. reuteri, resulting in the improvement of mucosal inflammation and alterations in the expression of mucosal cytokines related to the inflammatory mechanism [7].
Immune Regulation
In addition to its production of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, Lactobacillus reuteri also plays a role in regulating the immune system by influencing the production of cytokines and chemokines [4]. These substances are crucial in maintaining balanced immune responses.
The review titled "Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases" provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of Lactobacillus reuteri on the immune system. The study suggests that this effect may be attributed to the generation of anti-inflammatory Treg cells.
Certain strains of L. reuteri, such as L. reuteri GMNL-263, have demonstrated the capacity to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, in some cases, the immunomodulatory effects of L. reuteri are dependent on its metabolic byproducts [8].
Hypocholesterolemic Effects Of Lactobacillus Reuteri
High levels of cholesterol in the body can lead to cardiovascular diseases. The hypocholesterolemic effects of Lactobacillus reuteri have been studied extensively, and research suggests that this probiotic strain may help lower cholesterol levels.
In a study conducted on 32 mice fed with skim milk fermented by L. reuteri LR6 for 60 days, significant reductions in cholesterol, neutral fats, and LDL levels were observed. These results suggest that L. reuteri LR6 may be effective as a bioactive product with cholesterol-lowering properties [9].
The strain Lactobacillus reuteri CRL, tested in a 7-day mouse study, also exhibited positive effects. At low doses, L. reuteri was effective in preventing high blood cholesterol levels in mice. The study also suggests that this cholesterol-lowering effect may be indicative of the long-term presence of Lactobacillus in the gut [10].
Research on L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 also recognizes the potential of this strain of Lactobacillus as a beneficial supplementary therapy for treating elevated blood cholesterol levels [11].
Managing Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Lactobacillus reuteri may also play a role in managing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which can lead to ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders. In a study conducted on mice, L. reuteri was found to effectively reduce the bacterial load of H. pylori [12].
It is believed that Lactobacillus reuteri has the potential to compete directly with Helicobacter pylori, hinder its adhesion, or produce antimicrobial substances. Another study used L. reuteri (DSM 17938) at a dosage of 0.1 billion colony-forming units (cfu) combined with pantoprazole 20 mg twice daily for eight weeks, resulting in a 13.6% cure rate among H. pylori-infected patients [12].
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study concluded that the use of L. reuteri can inhibit the growth of H. pylori and, when used in conjunction with eradication therapy, significantly reduces the side effects associated with antibiotics [13].
Furthermore, a study involving 40 subjects undergoing daily L. reuteri treatment for four weeks found that it reduced H. pylori levels, alleviated indigestion symptoms, and improved digestive parameters [14].
Infantile Colic
Infantile colic is a common condition in newborns characterized by excessive crying, fussiness, and difficulty sleeping. Recent studies have highlighted the potential effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri as a treatment for infantile colic.
In a 2018 study conducted by Valerie Sung, Ph.D., and colleagues, the use of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 was recommended for breastfeeding infants with colic. The study, which involved 345 colicky infants, yielded significant results [14].
The efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in treating infantile colic is further supported by another study titled "Efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for infantile colic." This study concluded that L. reuteri, in combination with specific dietary measures, outperformed other interventions in the treatment of infantile colic [15].
Moreover, a double-blind trial evaluating the efficacy of L. reuteri at a daily dose of 0.1 billion CFU in breastfed infants demonstrated an improvement in colic symptoms. Importantly, L. reuteri was well-tolerated, indicating its potential for modulating gut microbiota through probiotics [16].
Benefits For Digestive Health
In addition to its potential therapeutic effects, Lactobacillus reuteri has been found to offer digestive health benefits. As a probiotic strain, it plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of gut bacteria.
A study focused on trials and clinical mechanisms has recognized the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on digestive disorders. The research suggests that the efficacy of this specific strain relies on various direct and indirect mechanisms [17].
Furthermore, preliminary preclinical studies have demonstrated the biological potential of L. reuteri in managing conditions such as functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel diseases, appendicitis, and colorectal cancer [17].
The benefits of Lactobacillus reuteri are highlighted in a study on digestive health conducted by Chitchell L. Jones and colleagues [18]. Specifically, a nine-week study involving 127 subjects observed improvements in digestive health and a reduction in diarrhea symptoms with the use of Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30232 [18].
Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma
Lactobacillus reuteri is not only recognized for its effects on allergic rhinitis (AR) but also for its efficacy in asthma.
A trial conducted by Lingzhi Li and colleagues in 2022 suggests that Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1040 has the potential to provide benefits for both conditions simultaneously without any observed adverse reactions [19].
Another study investigating the effectiveness of oral administration of six Lactobacillus species and the mechanism for preventing allergic asthma through gut microbiota modulation noted that reuteri had the most significant impact, leading to improvements such as reduced respiratory inflammation, decreased IgE and HDM-IgG1 and a decrease in Th2-related pro-inflammatory cytokines [20].
Two strains, Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1072 and CCFM1040, are recognized for their role in regulating Treg cells and reducing airway inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota in mice with allergic asthma [21].
Diabetics
Mice with diabetes were tested to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 in a study by Ying-Chen Lu and colleagues. The study found a reduction in glycated hemoglobin levels and blood glucose in mice with diabetes induced by STZ over 28 days. The ability to inhibit renal fibrosis through treatment with L. Reuteri GMNL-263 was also confirmed [21].
Author Ming-Chia Hsieh and colleagues conducted several studies on Lactobacillus reuteri. The authors recognized the effectiveness of two strains, Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-3 and L. reuteri ADR-1, in diabetics through an analysis of the gut microbiota in fecal samples [22].
Significant reductions in fasting blood glucose levels were observed in the mice, improving glucose tolerance, and blood lipid profiles and reducing liver and kidney damage through the intervention of two Lactobacillus strains, L. reuteri GL-104, and Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32, as reported in the study by Pei-Shan Hsien and colleagues [23].
Metabolic Syndrome
In addition to its gut benefits, Lactobacillus reuteri is believed to be effective in addressing metabolic syndrome.
A study suggests that this probiotic improves gut inflammation, regulates the gut microbiota, and influences metabolic syndrome, including amino acid and vitamin metabolism, as well as carbohydrates. These factors are all associated with energy provision and antioxidative capacity [27].
Further research on the strain Lactobacillus reuteri FYNLJ109L1 has shown its ability to modulate the gut microbiota. Specifically, it reduces levels of Romboutsia and Clostridium sensu stricto-1 while increasing Acetatifactor. This modulation ultimately leads to a significant improvement in metabolic syndrome by reducing inflammation and regulating the gut microbiota [28].
Diarrhea in Children
The use of Lactobacillus reuteri has demonstrated its benefits in the treatment of diarrhea in children.
A study involving 40 children aged between 6 to 36 months with acute diarrhea, of which 75% were caused by rotavirus, revealed significant effectiveness when using Lactobacillus Reuteri for two days [29]. Notably, on the second day of the study, only 26% of the children receiving L. reuteri experienced watery diarrhea, whereas the placebo group had as many as 81% with diarrhea [29].
Another noteworthy study explored the use of L. reuteri DSM 179338 in healthy children. The study found that this strain of L. reuteri reduced both the frequency and duration of diarrhea, as well as respiratory tract infections in 3 and 6-month-old children [30]. These findings suggest that this approach is not only cost-effective but also an efficient method for managing diarrhea in children.
Constipation
In addition to its effectiveness in treating diarrhea, research has also explored the efficacy of Lactobacillus Reuteri in managing constipation.
A study titled "Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) in Diarrhea and Constipation: Two Sides of the Same Coin?" concluded that L. reuteri meets all the necessary criteria to be considered a safe, well-tolerated, and effective probiotic for the human gut, specifically for both diarrhea and constipation [31].
This comprehensive study examined articles on PubMed from January 2011 to January 2021, and the results indicated that numerous clinical studies supported the hypothesis of L. reuteri's effects on the gut [31].
Another study, which was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 444 children aged at least six months with chronic constipation, divided the children into two groups. The first group received supplementation with the probiotic L. reuteri (DSM 17938) (22 children), while the second group received a placebo.
The results demonstrated that the L. reuteri group experienced a positive change in the frequency of bowel movements. Therefore, in terms of safety, this probiotic can be considered an appealing option for managing constipation [32].
Moreover, studies have not only been conducted in children but also in adults to assess the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri. For instance, a study by G. Riezzo and colleagues examined 56 patients with functional constipation and observed positive effects on stool consistency at both standard (0.2 billion CFU) and double (0.4 billion CFU) doses [32].
Lactobacillus Reuteri Side Effects
A study published in the National Library of Medicine journal evaluated the safety of Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 in healthy children aged 2 to 5. The findings suggest that this probiotic is relatively safe and does not cause significant adverse effects. Some individuals reported subjective side effects such as fever and diarrhea [33]. However, further research is recommended to better understand these subjective side effects.
Another safety study examined the effects of L. reuteri in 15 male subjects compared to 15 male subjects using a placebo. After 28 days of consuming a dose of 100 billion CFU of L. reuteri, no significant adverse effects were reported [34].
In a study involving individuals with compromised immune systems due to viral infection, it was suggested that Lactobacillus Reuteri could be consumed at a level of 10 billion CFU in HIV-positive individuals [35].
Furthermore, another study focused on the safety and tolerance of a Lactobacillus Reuteri NCIMB 30242 supplement capsule. The findings demonstrated that a dosage of 2.9 billions CFU taken twice daily is safe and well-tolerated [36].
Lactobacillus Reuteri is considered safe for oral consumption by pregnant or breastfeeding women. In children, L. reuteri can be administered orally and is recommended as safe for up to 4 weeks in infants and up to 12 weeks in older children.
In general, Lactobacillus reuteri is recognized as safe with limited side effects. Studies have shown it to be well-tolerated in healthy children, male adults, and individuals with compromised immunity. Some subjective effects like fever and diarrhea have been reported but are not prevalent. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, infants, and older children can safely consume it orally for specified durations.
Lactobacillus Reuteri Dosage
The optimal dosage of Lactobacillus Reuteri varies depending on factors such as age, individual health status, and the specific strain being consumed.
For example, a study examining the use of L. reuteri DSM 17938 in treating acute diarrhea in children recommended a dosage of 0.1 billion CFU once daily for two days [29].
In another study involving healthy children, the recommended dosage was 0.1 billion CFU twice daily for three months [30].
For constipation, a study suggests a dose of 0.2 billion CFU in adults and 0.4 billion CFU in children [32]. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage.
It is important to note that Lactobacillus reuteri is available in different forms, including capsules, chewable tablets, and powder. The dosage recommendation may also vary depending on the form of the supplement.
Who Should And Shouldn't Use Lactobacillus Reuteri?
Individuals experiencing digestive issues such as diarrhea or constipation may find relief by consuming L. reuteri. It has also shown potential in managing respiratory tract infections in young children [30].
Individuals with compromised immune systems may also benefit from Lactobacillus Reuteri, as it has shown the potential to boost the immune system [35].
However, individuals with severe allergies or immunodeficiency should avoid consuming probiotics without consulting a healthcare professional.
Additionally, some individuals may experience side effects such as fever and diarrhea, although these are not common. If any adverse effects are experienced, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
Where Lactobacillus Reuteri Can Be Found?
Lactobacillus reuteri is a naturally occurring bacteria in the human body and can be found primarily in the digestive tract. It can also be found in some fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, although the amount and strain may vary.
In addition to natural sources, Lactobacillus reuteri can also be found in supplement form. This allows for a more concentrated and reliable dose of the bacteria, making it easier to incorporate into your daily routine.
Lactobacillus Reuteri Supplement Options
Lactobacillus Reuteri supplements are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and powders. These supplements can be found at health food stores, drugstores, and online retailers.
It is important to ensure that the supplement contains the specific strain of Lactobacillus reuteri being studied for its positive effects on gut health (such as DSM 17938 or NCIMB 30242) and is from a reputable brand.
Additionally, it may be beneficial to check for any other added ingredients in the supplement and consult with a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations.
Conclusion
Lactobacillus Reuteri has demonstrated potential in improving gut health, managing constipation and diarrhea, boosting the immune system, and even managing respiratory tract infections in children. It has been deemed relatively safe with minimal side effects in healthy individuals, but further research is needed to fully understand benefits of Lactobacillus reuteri as well as its safety profile for human health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Food Is The Richest Source Of Lactobacillus Reuteri?
Lactobacillus Reuteri is naturally found in human breast milk and certain fermented foods. Notably, it is abundant in foods like yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut. Additionally, it can be taken as a dietary supplement.
How Soon Can One Expect To See Results From Reuteri?
The time to see results from Lactobacillus Reuteri can vary depending on individual health status and the specific condition being treated. However, on average, noticeable improvements may occur within two to four weeks of consistent use.
Is It Possible For L. Reuteri To Establish A Presence In The Gut?
L. reuteri can colonize the gut and establish a stable presence. However, the extent of colonization may vary depending on factors like individual gut microbiome and the frequency of consumption.
Does Lactobacillus Reuteri Have An Impact On Testosterone Levels?
Some studies suggest that Lactobacillus reuteri may have an impact on testosterone levels. It is believed that the probiotic may increase testosterone production [37], although this is still subject to ongoing scientific research.
Does Lactobacillus Reuteri Contribute To Weight Gain Or Weight Loss?
Lactobacillus reuteri may contribute to weight management, but the effects can vary among individuals. Some research suggests it may help with weight loss [39], while others indicate a potential for weight gain [38]. The impact largely depends on individual health factors and the balance of other gut bacteria.
Can L. Reuteri Potentially Induce Anxiety?
While there is no conclusive research directly linking L. Reuteri to anxiety, the gut-brain axis plays a significant role in mental health. Changes in the gut microbiome, including the presence of L. reuteri, may impact mood and anxiety levels. Additionally, a study found that combining Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacteria adolescentis NK98 had a synergistic anxiety-reducing effect in mice [40].
Is L. Reuteri Associated With The Reduction Of Blood Pressure?
Some research indicates that Lactobacillus reuteri may help in reducing blood pressure. This effect is believed to come from its ability to improve gut health and reduce inflammation [41], [42]. However, more extensive research is needed to firmly establish this link.
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