10+ Benefits of Milk Thistle: Side Effects & Other FAQs
Milk thistle is an herbal remedy from the Mediterranean region, renowned for its excellent benefits for the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Moreover, recent studies have explored its positive effects on the digestive system, immune system, cognitive function, and addressing skin issues. This article will delve deeper into the benefits of milk thistle and its potential side effects when using this herbal remedy.
Before exploring further, please read the disclaimer located at the end of this webpage.
Key Takeaways
- Milk thistle contains essential nutrients that support liver, cognitive function, immune system, digestive, and skin health.
- The recommended milk thistle dosage is 420 - 480 mg divided into two to three daily doses, continuously used for up to 41 months.
- Milk thistle may have side effects and interactions with certain medications.
What Is Milk Thistle?
Milk thistle (Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a medicinal plant from Mediterranean countries valued for its support in liver disorders. Its primary active components include Flavonolignans, collectively known as Silymarin, a mixture of three isomeric compounds: Silybin, Silydianin, and Silychristin [1].
The seeds contain the highest concentration of Silymarin, with other parts containing lower amounts. This concentration depends on the plant variety, geographical conditions, and climate where the plant grows.
What Are The Benefits Of Milk Thistle?
What Does Milk Thistle Do For The Liver?
Its most significant health benefit is for the liver. The active ingredient, Silymarin, acts as an antioxidant by reducing free radical production and lipid peroxidation. It also has anti-fibrotic properties and may act as a toxin blockade agent by inhibiting toxin binding to membrane receptors in liver cells [2].
The effects of milk thistle on erectile dysfunction are unclear. Milk thistle is particularly beneficial for individuals experiencing liver issues such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, viral liver disease, drug-induced liver conditions, and alcohol-related liver damage [3].
May Help Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline
Milk thistle also contains another beneficial flavonoid called Silibinin, which has antioxidant and antioxidant properties to support nerve recovery. Silibinin inhibits apoptosis, limiting cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease models through activating the Nrf2 pathway and promoting oxidative stress responses [4].
Could Protect Bone Health
The antioxidant properties of the flavonoid mixture found in milk thistle have recently been discovered to support bone issues such as osteoporosis, bone fractures, and bone loss.
Silymarin plays a crucial role in reducing bone loss and regulating bone formation processes and is beneficial for healing fractures. Silymarin is also considered for use in postmenopausal women to support bone density without significant side effects related to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) [5].
May Enhance Cancer Treatment
Silymarin contains a group of flavonolignan compounds closely related, including Silibinin extracted from milk thistle. They are studied for their practical anti-cancer effects by regulating apoptosis processes in vitro and intervening in the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins.
Studies suggest that the antioxidant effects of Silymarin and Silibinin (the main components of milk thistle) enhance the recovery potential for digestive tract cancers, breast cancer, and prostate cancer [6] [7] [8].
Can Boost Breast Milk Production
Once again, the Silymarin mixture in milk thistle demonstrates its excellent effects on promoting lactation in women. Components like Silymarin, silydianin, and silychristin show estrogenic effects by binding to receptors in mammary epithelial cells, helping women increase milk production after using milk thistle [9].
Studies conducted on humans and animals have consistently found significant potential in increasing milk production. However, they also come with some adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders, leading to nausea and diarrhea [10][11].
Potential Skin Health Benefits
Silibinin, a primary polyphenol in milk thistle, has natural antioxidant effects that help reduce skin-related diseases associated with inflammation. Studies conducted on a TPA-induced skin inflammation mouse model showed that this compound inhibits the expression of enzymes related to cell signal transmission in inflammatory conditions [12].
Hollywood A-listers also use this medicinal plant. Jasmine Vico, a skincare expert, said she applied milk thistle formulations to the Barbie movie cast's skincare routines to ensure their beauty and youthful appearance throughout filming.
Can Lower Blood Sugar Levels In Diabetics
Milk thistle contains flavonolignans like silybin A, an isoform of silibin, isoform 3, which has blood sugar-lowering and blood lipid-lowering properties through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation process, a molecular target of thiazolidinediones used as insulin sensitizers to lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients [13].
May Benefit Heart Health
Milk thistle may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by lowering LDL levels.
A study conducted by Mubarak J Turkey on diabetic animals in 2015 demonstrated the cholesterol-lowering activity of Silymarin in diabetic animals [14]. Additionally, Silymarin exhibits potent blood lipid-lowering effects by increasing the rate of lipid metabolism enzymes in the liver and reducing serum cholesterol levels [15]. Moreover, Silymarin significantly improved hypertension in another mouse study [16].
Can Aid Diabetes Management
Milk thistle may support effective diabetes management. A study on alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed with milk thistle and curry leaf seeds for two weeks showed significant improvements in body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic mice [17].
Thus, milk thistle seeds have blood lipid-lowering properties and can be used as natural compounds for managing and supporting type 2 diabetes.
Improves Allergic Asthma Symptoms
The antioxidant effect of Silibinin in milk thistle is also effective against respiratory inflammation and bronchial inflammation by significantly inhibiting the production of inflammatory cells and reducing the production of various cytokines in the bronchial tubes. Experts evaluate milk thistle positively in supporting conditions such as allergic respiratory inflammation, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis [18][19][20].
Supports The Immune System
Silymarin regulates the immune system, enhancing the body's defense against virus-induced infections. Recent studies show that Silymarin is an effective antiviral support method against the hepatitis C virus, and it also increases protein synthesis by stimulating RNA polymerase I activity [22].
Is Milk Thistle Safe?
Side Effects Of Milk Thistle
Products from the milk thistle plant are considered safe and do not cause serious side effects apart from mild allergic reactions and digestive issues such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, bloating, itching, and headaches [23].
Furthermore, caution is advised when consuming milk thistle if you have issues with blood sugar disorders. There is also concern regarding its potential estrogenic effects, so individuals with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and uterine fibroids should carefully consider and research before using milk thistle.
Interaction Interaction
Milk thistle may interact with Cytochrome P450 2C9 substrates, diabetes medications, Raloxifene (Evista), Simeprevir, and Sirolimus (Rapamune). These interactions can affect the enzymes these medications process in the body or decrease blood sugar levels, impacting the liver metabolism of drug-provided compounds.
Milk thistle has no significant adverse effects on the body when used with indinavir (Crixivan) at a dose of 175 mg three times daily continuously for three weeks, as tested and studied in 10 healthy volunteers [24].
Before using any medications or supplements together, it is essential to research and consult with an expert.
How Much Milk Thistle Per Day?
The recommended dose of milk thistle is 420 mg - 480 mg divided into two or three doses per day, as validated by multiple studies [24].
However, different doses may be recommended for specific conditions or purposes:
- Support for indigestion and liver system disorders: 12 g - 15 g of dried fruit [25].
- Support for liver disorders: 200 - 400 mg/day [26].
- Support for cirrhosis: 140 mg three times daily [27].
- Support for obsessive-compulsive disorder: 600 mg/day divided into three doses [28].
- Support for prostate cancer: 13 g/day divided into three doses [29].
- Support for digestive disorders: 3.5 g of ground milk thistle seeds divided into 3-4 doses taken 30 minutes before meals [30].
How Long Should You Take Milk Thistle?
Various sources mention the duration of milk thistle consumption. However, we will provide you with scientifically validated information.
You can take milk thistle at 420 - 480 mg divided into two or three doses per day for a maximum of 41 months [24]. This dosage supports overall health, and for more specific uses, please consult a specialist or reputable advisory service for accurate answers.
How To Take Milk Thistle
Milk Thistle Forms
Milk thistle is available in various forms, including:- Milk thistle vitamins
- Milk thistle tablets
- Milk thistle supplements
- Milk thistle liquid
- Milk thistle tea
- Milk thistle tincture
Corresponding to each product form, the provider will permanently attach recommended doses and usage instructions. Ensure precise adherence to guidelines for safety.
What Is The Best Way To Take Milk Thistle?
The correct dosage is the best way to take milk thistle or any other supplement. Milk thistle is considered safe for daily use, whether in capsule form, tablets, herbal tea, or any other form. Be sure to consult with an expert and use according to your health needs for safety.
When To Take Milk Thistle?
You can take milk thistle in the morning or evening, with or without food. Taking milk thistle after meals is the perfect choice to protect your stomach and liver if you have sensitive digestive and excretory systems.
What Parts Of Milk Thistle Are Used?
All parts of the milk thistle plant, including leaves, flowers, seeds, and roots, can be used.
However, the seeds contain the highest concentration of silymarin compounds (approximately 70-80%). Therefore, an extract from the seeds will provide the highest benefits if you're using milk thistle in capsule form; conversely, if you prefer to use it as tea, steep the milk thistle leaves to absorb their flavor fully.
Who Should Take Milk Thistle
Milk thistle is suitable for individuals needing to enhance overall health, especially those with liver issues such as chronic hepatitis, liver cancer, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Milk thistle also affects circulation levels for individuals with diabetes and heart disease. Its antioxidant function also supports skin issues such as dermatitis and acne.
Who Shouldn't Take Milk Thistle?
Milk thistle should be used with caution by pregnant or breastfeeding women and individuals with cancer-related conditions, hormone disorders, and blood disorders. Especially as a natural plant, milk thistle is also contraindicated for individuals allergic to ragweed, daisies, chamomile, or yarrow.
What Are The Benefits Of Milk Thistle For Women?
Milk thistle can improve women's health by enhancing liver and gallbladder conditions, limiting cancers (liver, cervical, and breast cancer), antioxidant effects, enhancing heart health, and improving acne or environmental allergies.
What Are The Milk Thistle Benefits For Men?
Milk thistle enhances men's health by protecting the liver from alcohol toxins, boosting the immune system, exhibiting antiviral properties, reducing diabetes risks and inflammation, and limiting prostate cancer. Additionally, milk thistle may impact hormone levels, which is of concern to men.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will Milk Thistle Help with Fatty Liver?
Milk thistle protects the liver thanks to its antioxidant properties, improves liver function, and protects it from environmental toxins containing Silymarin. Milk thistle also promotes cell recovery and is beneficial for alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, and hepatitis.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Diarrhea?
Milk thistle may cause diarrhea if consumed excessively or if the body is allergic to the components of this herbal plant. Other digestive issues, such as constipation, nausea, vomiting, and bloating, should also be noted.
Is Milk Thistle a Blood Thinner?
Milk thistle has blood-thinning properties, so mixing this herb with prescription medications like warfarin or aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding. Caution should be prioritized before using or combining any medication with milk thistle.
Does Milk Thistle Lower Liver Enzymes?
Milk thistle can lower liver enzyme levels, specifically reducing transaminase levels (AST and ALT liver enzymes), thus minimizing unintended liver enzyme elevation.
Is it Safe to Take Milk Thistle Every Day?
Using milk thistle with a maximum daily dosage of 480mg is considered safe. Currently, no studies refute the safety level provided by daily milk thistle use. Compliance with dosage and allowing the body to absorb and adapt is crucial.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Sleepy?
Milk thistle may improve sleep quality, but more research is needed to identify its impact on this function.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Dry Mouth?
Milk thistle can cause dry mouth. Pregnant and breastfeeding mothers who use milk thistle to increase milk production report mild side effects such as weight gain, nausea, irritability, and dry mouth.
Does Milk Thistle Affect the Heart?
Milk thistle may benefit cardiovascular health by reducing LDL levels and oxidizing LDL by up to 86%, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Can You Combine Milk Thistle and Dandelion Root?
Both milk thistle and dandelion root offer various beneficial herbal properties. Combining both can enhance their effectiveness in promoting health.
Will Milk Thistle Make You Poop?
Milk thistle can cause diarrhea and constipation if taken in excess or not as recommended.
Will Milk Thistle Cause Constipation?
Milk thistle can cause constipation, bloating, and difficulty digesting if consumed in high doses.
When Should You Not Take Milk Thistle?
Avoid milk thistle if you have hormone-related conditions or cancers like breast, uterine, or prostate cancer. Pregnant and nursing women should use it cautiously under medical supervision.
What Vitamins are in Milk Thistle?
Milk thistle contains Silymarin, most notably in its seeds. This flavonoid has antioxidant properties and supports cellular repair.
What Happens if You Take Too Much Milk Thistle?
Consuming excessive milk thistle can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain, itching, and headaches.
Is Milk Thistle Related to Ragweed?
Milk thistle is an herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, which includes ragweed and daisies. Individuals allergic or sensitive to these should exercise caution.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Your Liver and Kidneys?
Milk thistle is beneficial for liver and gallbladder issues and is known for its antioxidant and detoxifying properties.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Liver Detox?
Milk thistle accelerates detoxification, enhances liver function, and aids in cellular recovery from damage.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Liver Cirrhosis?
Milk thistle benefits liver cirrhosis because its silymarin content supports antioxidant activity and cell regeneration.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Inflammation?
Milk thistle helps reduce inflammation, particularly in liver and cirrhosis conditions, due to its 70-80% silymarin content.
Is Milk Thistle Good for the Immune System?
Milk thistle boosts and balances the immune system, potentially protecting against environmental infections and reducing chronic inflammation.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Erectile Dysfunction?
The effects of milk thistle on erectile dysfunction are unclear. However, it may affect hormone levels, which could potentially benefit male sexual health.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Bloating?
There's no recorded information suggesting milk thistle alleviates bloating. Further research and medical consultation are necessary for this purpose.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Arthritis?
Milk thistle's antioxidant properties may benefit arthritis, but safety and effectiveness should be carefully considered before use.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Tired?
Milk thistle does not cause fatigue after use. However, be mindful of potential side effects associated with this herb.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Thirsty?
There are no reports suggesting milk thistle increases thirst. More research is needed to confirm its safety in this regard.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Gassy?
Milk thistle may cause bloating if misused or if the user is allergic to its components.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Feel Better?
There is uncertainty about milk thistle's effects on emotional well-being. Its benefits are more established in cognitive function, liver health, and immune support.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Fart?
There are no documented side effects related to flatulence from using milk thistle. Reported effects mainly include bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Itching?
Yes, milk thistle may cause itching or rash as a side effect.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Insomnia?
No, milk thistle does not cause insomnia. It may support good sleep in users.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Heartburn?
Yes, milk thistle may cause heartburn, bloating, or discomfort if taken in excessive amounts.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Gas?
Yes, milk thistle may cause bloating and other digestive issues such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and heartburn.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Detox Symptoms?
Milk thistle aids liver detoxification without significant adverse effects. It promotes a healthy liver and efficient detox function.
Does Milk Thistle Affect Blood Tests?
Milk thistle does not directly affect blood test results. Although it may lower sugar levels, its impact on blood tests has yet to be extensively reported.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Gout?
Milk thistle's antioxidant properties may be beneficial for gout. Combined with dietary adjustments and proper exercise, it could yield positive outcomes.
Does Milk Thistle Help Melasma?
Milk thistle's antioxidant properties may support melasma by inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme production, similar to hydroquinone, while regulating skin pigmentation.
Milk Thistle for Fertility?
Milk thistle supports reproductive function, particularly in men, due to its antioxidant compound, Silymarin, which enhances sperm quantity and quality.
Is Milk Thistle Good for the Eyes?
Milk thistle contains beneficial components for eye health and vision. It may also support conditions like jaundice and aid eye health.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Hepatitis C?
While milk thistle benefits liver health, its specific benefits for hepatitis C require further research.
Does Milk Thistle Help Gilbert's Syndrome?
Milk thistle is not recommended for Gilbert's syndrome because it inhibits phase 2 detoxification. Users with Gilbert's syndrome have reported reduced eye function and slower digestion.
Can You Take Milk Thistle and Fish Oil Together?
You can combine milk thistle with fish oil supplements to enhance liver detoxification, support liver function, aid digestion, and maintain overall health.
Does Milk Thistle Help with Digestion?
Milk thistle supports digestion by promoting bowel movements and facilitating food transit through improved gut motility and bacterial balance.
Does Milk Thistle Cause Headaches?
Yes, milk thistle may cause headaches if taken at high doses.
Is Milk Thistle Edible?
Yes, all parts of milk thistle are edible and have been utilized for medicinal purposes for over 2,000 years, ensuring safety and health benefits.
Does Milk Thistle Make You Pee?
Milk thistle supplements do not increase urination. Urination frequency depends on individual water intake.
Is Milk Thistle Good for IBS?
Milk thistle is recommended for individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) due to its immune support, enhanced detoxification, and effective antioxidant properties.
Is Milk Thistle Dairy?
Milk thistle does not contain any actual dairy components. Its name originates from the legend of white markings on the plant, said to be from the Virgin Mary's milk. Thus, it's often referred to as a holy thistle.
Is Milk Thistle Vegan?
Yes, milk thistle is a vegan-friendly herbal supplement that does not contain dairy and is suitable for vegetarians or those with milk allergies.
Is Milk Thistle FDA-Approved?
The FDA has not evaluated milk thistle supplements for any medical purposes. Depending on the type and manufacturer, various milk thistle extracts may have different FDA approvals.
Does Milk Thistle Make Your Urine Smell?
There are reports of milk thistle causing unusual urine odor in some users, likely due to its effects on digestion and detoxification.
Does Milk Thistle Remove THC?
There isn't enough evidence to confirm whether milk thistle eliminates THC from the body.
Is Milk Thistle Good for Pancreatitis?
Yes, milk thistle has beneficial effects on the pancreas by reducing inflammation. It offers a multifaceted approach to combating pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis and protecting pancreatic cells from cancer-promoting gene suppression.
Conclusion
In conclusion, milk thistle is a versatile herbal remedy with numerous health benefits, ranging from stress reduction and digestive improvement to supporting cancer and cardiovascular disease treatment. While generally considered safe, healthcare professionals should monitor and guide any supplementation. Hopefully, this article has provided you with a clearer understanding of the fantastic benefits of milk thistle.
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